Toğızqumalaq
From Wikimanqala
Тоғызқұмалақ
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| Toğızqumalaq (Kazakh), toghyzqumalaq (Kazakh), тогуз кумалак (Russian), toguz kumalak (English), Togus kumalak (German), Тогуз Коргоол (Kyrgyz), toguz khorgool (English), toguz korgool (English) |
| Played in: Central Asia |
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| One cycle |
| Single lap game |
| First seed in the same hole |
| Holes captured during the game |
| 9 holes per row |
| Two rows |
Тоғызқұмалақ (toğızqumalaq, sometimes spelled toghyzqumalaq or togyzqumalaq, according to different transliterations, or toguz kumalak, "nine balls") is the Kazakh name of a mancala game also known as toguz korgool in Kyrgyz.
It is played traditionally in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, parts of Russia (Altay, Khakassia, Tuva), Western Mongolia and in China in regions close to the aforementioned countries.
There are regular toğızqumalaq championships held in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. The first western tournament was in August 2006 at the Mindsports Olympiad (MSO) in London, England. It was won by Aidos Seitzhanov from Kazakhstan.
Contents |
Rules
Toğızqumalaq is played on a wooden (nowadays also plastic) board made of two rows of nine holes, plus two kazans ("boilers"), either in the middle of the board or one at each end of it. The players own the kazan at their right, if at the ends, or the one on the other half of ther board, if in the middle.
As captures are made by pairs, the holes are usually made in a way so it is evident whether the contents are odd or even.
To begin the game, there must be nine balls per hole, except the kazans, which are empty. That is, 162 balls are needed.
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| Initial position |
The game is played by taking turns.
On his turn, a player takes all the balls of a hole on his side of the board, and distribute them anticlockwise, one per hole, on the following holes, starting from the very same hole he has taken them.
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| South plays from 7th hole |
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| And this is the result |
If the last ball falls into a hole on the opponent's side, and the contents of this hole become an even number of balls, these are captured and stored on the player's kazan.
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| South plays from 9th hole |
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| And captures 10 balls from opponent's 8th hole |
If the movement is done from a hole containing just a single ball, it is moved to the next hole, leaving the starting hole empty.
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| South plays from 9th hole |
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| And this is the result |
Tuzdyq
If the last ball falls into a hole on the opponent's side, and the contents of this hole number then three balls, the hole becomes your тұздық, tuzdyq, (or түз үй according to Maksat Shotayev, tüz üy, i.e. "sacred place" in Kazakh; or tuz in Kyrgyz which means "salt") and it is marked as such.
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| South plays from 3rd hole |
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| And makes a tuzdyq on north's 7th hole |
Only a tuzdyq per player can be made in a game.
A tuzdyq cannot be done on the opponent's last hole (ninth, the one on his right).
A tuzdyq cannot be done if it is symmetrical to the opponent's one (if the opponent has his tuzdyq in our first hole, we can not make ours on his first hole).
In the cases a tuzdyq cannot be done, we can finish a movement there, but the hole does not become a tuzdyq.
A movement cannot begin from a tuzdyq.
The balls that fall into a tuzdyq are captured by his owner. If it is overcharged, we can take the balls and store them in the kazan.
End of the game
The game ends when a player cannot move at his turn, because all the holes on his side (except a possible tuzdyq) are empty.
When the game is over, the player who has still balls on his side (except in a possible tuzdyq) gets them and adds them to his kazan.
Both players add the contents of their tuzdyq (the one on the opponent's side) to their kazan.
The winner is the player with more balls at the end of the game. If both players have captured 81 balls, the game is a draw.
References and bibliography
- Aidarkulov, K.
- (1977) Manas eposundagy eldy Oiundar: Ordo Zhana Toguz Korgool Oiundarynyn Tarykhyi Kelip Chyguu Maselisine Karata Ilimii-Populiarduu Makalalar, Bishkek.
- Akshurayev, A.
- (1980) Toguz Kumalak: Kodeks i Klassifizirovanje Igri", Alma-Ata: Mektiep.
- Akshurayev, A. & Chunisbayev, N.
- (1983) Toghiz Kumalak, Alma-Ata: Zhalin.
- Aknasarov, C., Chumabayev, H. & Shotayev, M.
- (2004) Tangazhaiyip Toghiz qumalaq, Turkistan.
- Çetin, İ.
- (1989) Sivas Kültür-Sanat, Turkey; 4: 30-32 .
- Deledicq, A. & Popova, A.
- (1977) Wari et Solo: Le Jeu de Calcul Africain, Paris: Cedic.
- Kartanbayev.
- (2002) Toguz Korgool Version 3.5., Bishkek: Information Center "Toktom". [Web Site]
- Kazinform.
- (2002) 'New Togyz-kumalak', in Kazakhstanskaya Pravda 02/09/2002.
- Kaz OGIZ (Ed.).
- (1943) Toguz kumalak, Alma-Ata.
- Machatscheck, H.
- (1972) Zug um Zug: Die Zauberwelt der Brettspiele, Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben; 146-147.
- Machatscheck, H.
- (1984) Stein um Stein: Exotik der Brettspiele, Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben; 69 & 76-84.
- Omurzakov, D. & Musin, Y.
- (1973) Kirgizkiye Narodnye Igry, Frunze; 43-47.
- Orozobakov, T. & Chylymov, A.
- (1997) Toguz korgool, Bishkek.
- Pantusov, N.
- (1906) 'Kirizkaja Igra Toguz Kumajak', in Izvestija Obscestva Arxeoligii, Istorii, i Etnografii pri Kazanskom Universilele, Kazan: 22.
- Russ, L.
- (2000) The Complete Mancala Games Book: How to Play the World's Oldest Board Games, New York: Marlowe & Company: 21-22.
- Scott, K.
- (2005) Togiz Kumalak, Anchorage: University of Alaska / Computer Science: 21-22. [MS Word document]
- Shotayev, M. (Максат Шотаев)
- (2005-2007) Personal communications to Víktor Bautista i Roca.
- Shotayev, M.
- (2005) Rules of Intellectual Game: Toguzkumalak, Turkistan.
- Totenayev, B.
- (1994) Kazaktun Ulttik Oyundari / Kazakhskie natsional'nye igry, Alma-Ata.
See also
External links
- Toğızqumalaq program to play on Windows, or on Linux using Wine.
